3D printing seems to be becoming "all-powerful." Whether it's commercial, research, medical, food, clothing, or other fields, more and more 3D printing products are trying to change our lives. It is undeniable that 3D printing has brought convenience and benefits to our lives, but at the same time it has made our lives terrible. For example, the emergence of various threatening weapons represented by pistols has made us inconvenient for 3D printing. Health concerns.
When the 3D print guns flood your security who will be responsible?
According to the BBC’s Chinese website, a U.S. community college in Umpotu, Oregon, took a shooting on October 1. The Minister of Justice said that at least 13 people were killed and more than 20 were wounded. US President Barack Obama said on the evening of the local bloody shootings that he called for the United States to pass more stringent gun control legislation to prevent the constant occurrence of gun violence. The picture shows the gun store in Roseburg, Oregon, USA on October 2 local time.
Roseburg gun shop in Oregon, USA (Source: ChinaNewNet)
Not only this incident, in fact, similar events occur every year in the United States. The shooting incident seems to have become routine. These incidents can not help but remind people of the dangers of gun freedom. So many people asked why the United States is a country where guns are free. Here we must also talk about the history of the United States.
On July 4, 1776, at the Second Continental Congress held by the representatives of the 13 colonies of North America, the Declaration of Independence, one of the greatest documents in the history of mankind, had such express provisions that the American people had overthrown. The freedom of tyranny. In 1791, Article 2 of the United States "Bill of Rights" stipulated: "... The people's right to hold and carry weapons is not infringed." This gives the American people a special right to the following: that people hold and carry weapons. The rights are not violated!
From the "Declaration of Independence", we can find the shadow of the United States "gun freedom"
On December 14, 2012, the shooting incident on campus in Connecticut was shocking, resulting in the death of at least 28 teachers and students, including 20 primary school students. However, this tragedy killed less than the United States every year. 1% of the next number, because in the United States, every year 30,000 people die of gun violence!
A series of events reminded the author of these sources of "potential violence" - guns. In addition to gun shops that can buy guns, there is now another new way - 3D printing.
Page 2: Japanese men are sentenced to 2 years for 3D printed guns
â— Japanese man was sentenced to 2 years for firing 3D guns
On May 8, 2014, the Japanese police arrested a 28-year-old youth named Iyomura Yoshito, who was due to the use of 3D printing technology to create several plastic guns at home and rightly uploaded to the Internet. Video and manufacturing drawings. The Yokohama District Court in Japan accused it of violating the Gun-Knife Act and the Arms Manufacturing Act and sentenced him to two years’ imprisonment. The prosecution sought a sentence of 3 years and 6 months.
(Source: Tencent)
The court held that Prof Ichimura used the action to prove that as long as the 3D printer is adopted, anyone can easily create guns. This is "a highly imitative and vicious crime," and therefore "a major criminal responsibility." In July, the police found five 3D-printed firearms at their home in the village of Imura. Two of them had the ability to launch real bullets. However, the police did not find bullets. According to Imura, he obtained those print drawings from foreign websites.
Police seized 3D printers from righteous friends in Jingcun Village (Source: Xinhuanet)
Imura Murakami uses plastic guns made at home in 3D printing technology (Source: Xinhuanet)
Jingcun Yiyou was taken away by the police (Source: Xinhuanet)
The suspect Sugawara Ito (video capture)
Suspects upload shots (video capture)
Police seized firearms (webshots)
According to statistics, Imura is a university employee who was once employed by the Shonan Institute of Science and Technology in Japan. He was arrested by the Japanese police in May 2014 for publishing a video and drawings of a 3D-printed gun on the Internet a year ago. Five plastic guns were searched in his home. Not only that, his revolver called Zig Zag can load and fire six .38 caliber bullets. The judge thinks that Masahiro Itomura is not only showing off his skills, but also is ignoring the regulations on the management of firearms.
Page 3: The World's First 3D Printed Firearms: The Liberator
â— The world's first 3D-printed firearms: liberators
What is even more alarming is that due to the material relationship, the current security inspection equipment cannot detect 3D printing weapons well. If similar firearms equipment is brought on board, the consequences would be disastrous. So, how did the 3D printed guns develop step by step?
The world's first 3D printed gun: Liberator (liberator)
The founder of the world's first 3D-printed gun was created in 2012 by Defense Distributed founder Cody Wilson, a 25-year-old student at the University of Texas. Wilson refers to this pistol as "Liberator" (liberator). All 16 parts of the Liberator prototype are made of ABS plastic. The 3D printing equipment is Stratasys' Dimension SST 3D printer. This pistol will be able to use the standard. The pistol impeachment and support bullets of different calibers.
Cody Wilson
Cody Wilson is developing guns for 3D printing
3D Printing Gun Modeling
Previously, Cody Wilson established DEFCAD website to provide a variety of gun parts and components (Source: Global Network)
DEFCAD Website Shows 3D Gun Parts Production Process
Liberator's CAD production document was then published on the Internet, and the download volume soon exceeded 100,000. Obviously, 3D pistol printing information has been widely spread on the Internet. Initially, most of the downloads took place in Spain, followed by the United States, Brazil, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The incident caused the attention of the Obama administration, which was pushing the gun control bill. On May 9, 2013, the US Department of State’s National Defense Trade Regulatory Office forced Cody Wilson to remove the design of his “3D print guns†from the Internet.
Cody Wilson Tests Liberator (Source: Bund Pictorial)
To test the performance of this 3D printed pistol, in May 2013, Liberator was in Texas, USA.
Page 4: The world's first 3D printed rifle successful test shot
â—The world’s first 3D printed rifle was successfully tested
In the same year that Cody Wilson made the Liberator, the gun enthusiast “HaveBlue†published in his blog the documentation for his 3D printed rifle (A.22 rifle) (through the AR15 forum), which documents print experience and testing in detail. As a result, it became the first example of a successful printout of a 3D rifle and successful test firing.
The world's first 3D printed rifle a.22 (Source: Lei Feng network)
A.22 rifle (diameter 5.58mm) production process
HaveBlue uses the Stratasys 3D printer, CMMG.22 installation package, printed a a.22 rifle (diameter 5.58mm), the same as the AK-47, all through the gas firing operation, shooting gunpowder gas Through the air pipe above the barrel directly into the frame, and there is a "gas button" on the barrel, the gas will penetrate the entire barrel when pressed.
Improved 3D Printing Rifle The Grizzly 2.0
Subsequently, Matthew improved the 3D-printed rifle and named it "The Grizzly 2.0." However, the rifle named "The Grizzly 2.0" cracked after 14 shots. Compared to modern firearms, the number of 14 shots was still slightly weak, but this was made for an ABS material and plastic. The rifle is already quite good.
The world's first 3D printed metal pistol
Many 3D-printed guns are made of ABS materials and plastics, and they cannot be compared to real guns in terms of durability. However, on November 8, 2013, CNET.com reported that Solid Concepts of the United States made the world’s first 3D model. The metal pistol was printed, and 50 rounds of bullets have been successfully launched. This is obviously a lot better than the previous 3D plastic pistols.
3D printed metal pistol test shot (Source: International Online)
The model of this metal 3D print gun is the classic Browning M1911 pistol, which uses a "laser printing technology" that can keep the gun intact after firing 50 rounds of bullets continuously. With more than 30 3D printing components, 17-4 stainless steel and Inconel 625 materials are used, and the hardness is sufficient. This is also the first time that Solid Concepts has used this new technology to build a 3D print gun, and it is also the industry's first 3D print gun using metal materials.
Page 5: 3D Printing AR-15 Assault Rifle's Lower Case
â— 3D printing of the AR-15 assault rifle
On June 9, 2015, in Oregon, two criminals were arrested for illegal possession of firearms. Among these firearms, an AR-15 assault rifle was considered to have been printed in 3D. In fact, it was only down.匣Using 3D printing technology.
AR-15 Assault Rifle
AR-15 Assault Rifle's Lower Case
The two felons (42-year-old Nolan DeBell and 27-year-old Joshua Holloway) were arrested by the police on June 9 when the police discovered a large number of illegally modified and stolen guns in the homes of the two suspects. The undercover of an AR-15 assault rifle seized was printed in 3D and was part of the gun firing mechanism. It was the core component of the gun. Without it, the gun was also declared obsolete. Eric Shepherd, a detective at the Sheriff's Office, explained that as two prisoners, they could not buy a machine at all on the market, so they thought of using 3D printing to make it.
AR-15 Assault Rifle
Although they were accused of possession of firearms as felons, they soon became fine. DeBell was released after paying $20,000 in bail, and Holloway was released after paying $25,000 in bail. We certainly do not want such criminals to print guns in their own homes. But we should realize that the key to the problem is not the 3D print guns, but the people themselves. In fact, even without 3D printing, they can obtain weapons from other illegal sources.
Page 6: The world is too dangerous. Who is responsible for your safety?
â— The world is too dangerous Who is responsible for your safety?
In June 2015, the second United Nations governmental expert meeting was held in New York, where the issue of the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons was discussed. However, most discussions at the conference focused on 3D printing guns.
The scene of the second UN government expert meeting (Source: Tiangong Society)
The chairperson’s summary of the meeting stated that a potential challenge related to 3D printing guns is that these weapons are more likely to pass through many standard screening mechanisms, especially metal detectors: some tests show that 3D printed weapons, and some even contain metal parts Passed the detection of traditional walking metal detectors, although these weapons have been detected by X-ray scanners at the airport.
Machine gun made with 3D printer
Although the abstract expresses its concern for this technology, it points out that due to the lack of economical, available 3D printing equipment to create a reliable firearm, there are still many years of serious threats that we may face from this technology.
3D printed gun parts
In addition, the report also cited the 3D-printed Liberator pistols of the distributed defense organization as an example to point out that the guns are not reliable. They also pointed out that Solid Concept's 3D-printed M1911 metal pistols are very expensive despite their reliability. Methods.
3D print gun named "Reprringer"
Delegates felt that due to the cost and operational constraints faced by 3D printing guns, the illegal sales of traditional guns on the black market will continue. Experts not only discussed the control of the design of controllable 3D print guns on the Internet, but also discussed the control of the actual sales and export of 3D printers.
3D print gun model
Experts also discussed the danger of illegal modification or modification of firearms through 3D printing, and the impact of the use of polymer materials on 3D print guns for enforcement. This "one-off" gun may erase all evidence of a crime. For example, a killing weapon can easily be melted within minutes, leaving little to no trace.
Steve Israel of the US House of Representatives called for legislation to ban 3D printing guns
The United States is a country where private guns are legal. For historical reasons, guns are a symbol of freedom and independence in the hearts of Americans. Despite this, in the face of the possible social harm caused by 3D printing guns that are not subject to the existing firearms regulations, Steve Israel of the US House of Representatives called for legislation to prohibit 3D printing of guns.
Can 3D print guns be legalized? Obama said "NO!"
In 2013, Israel had already proposed the "Unable to Detect Gun Modernization Act" and will ban the possession or manufacture of any guns that can avoid the detection of standard metal detectors. Unfortunately, it has not succeeded. Fortunately, the US House of Representatives passed an old "undetectable firearms bill" that had expired and was renewed for another 10 years. This has to some extent banned 3D printing of plastic firearms.
3D printed plastic guns can even make security personnel unable to do anything
In fact, Israel hopes to use this law so that criminals or terrorists cannot easily create undetectable firearms. Once criminals can produce plastic firearms, they can bring firearms that can pass through metal detectors to sensitive areas such as airports and courthouses. There are no plans for security.
Page 7: 3D printing expansion clips make the world more dangerous
â— 3D print expansion clips more dangerous in the world
With 3D printed guns still not counting, the emergence of 3D printing expansion clips further exacerbated the danger of this world. In July 2015, Sintercore introduced the 3D printing expansion clip for the Glock 43 pistol on the market and named it "3dplus2". Previously, the company had launched the world's first commercialized 3D printing gun component - a muzzle brake made of Inconel.
3D printing expansion clip 3dplus2
The “3dplus2†expansion clip is made of carbon fiber reinforced nylon and manufactured by 3D printing technology, which exceeds the strength of the original magazine clip. The magazine increases the capacity of two rounds of bullets, making Glock 43's bullets reach 8+2 shots. Its design is ergonomic and easy to install without screws or fasteners.
The emergence of 3dplus2 made Glock 43's bullet volume 8+2 rounds
The eric mutchler, the inventor of the world's first 3D printing pistol SC1911, participated in the development of “3dplus2â€. He believes that the availability of this clip is a good example of the potential of 3D printing technology in transforming mass-produced products to meet individual needs. . In particular, the application of materials such as carbon fiber reinforced nylon enables designers to use 3D printing technology for the manufacture of more components.
With 3D-printed guns, plus 3D printed expansion clips, it means that this planet has reached a point where it can no longer be dangerous, that is, as long as you have a computer and a 3D printer, click Print, and then Walk away and it takes only a few hours to make a semi-automatic gun. There is no production license, no age limit, no background checks, no need for gun serials or sales receipts that need to be traced. Even if you do not understand gun knowledge and gun technology, you can easily have a gun at home. This may be an alarmist in China, but definitely not in the United States!
Page 8: Reporter with 3D printing real guns mixed with the European star
â— British reporters carry 3D printed real guns mixed with "Eurostar"
What's scary about 3D printing guns is that the current security measures are almost unresponsive to them. The most typical incident was when two British journalists carried 3D printed real guns onto the "Eurostar" special train. "Eurostar" trains are as stringent as airports. Passengers need to pass a series of security measures such as customs security inspections, manual ticket inspections, and metal detection gates before boarding the train.
British reporter stealing a 3D-printed plastic pistol poses in front of the Eurostar train (Source: Netease)
The two were reporters for the British "Daily Mail." Using 3D model drawings downloaded online and a 3D printer worth £1,700, they printed a 0.38 mm plastic pistol in less than 36 hours. The pistol consists of 16 parts and is made of plastic except the metal striker.
The pistol consists of 16 parts and is made of plastic except for the metal striker.
On the evening of May 9th, 2013, the "Eurostar" train to and from London, UK and Paris, France was at peak operation stage. Two British journalists carried a real gun made from a 3D printer, and three-dimensionally printed pistols were hidden in their own clothes in three pieces. Metal strikers and bullets were put together and hidden in their own watch trays. Passed the station security scanner successfully.
British reporter stealing a 3D printed plastic pistol looks dignified in front of the camera, acting like a spy
During the entire security inspection process, neither the customs staff nor the police or various metal detectors were found. The two men carried a real handgun. After boarding the train, two reporters were in the bathroom and assembled the pistol in less than 30 seconds. Later, they took a gun and took pictures with the unsuspecting passengers nearby. No one came to stop from beginning to end. Two reporters successfully passed through the English Channel to Paris. They recorded the entire process and published it on the weekend newspaper.
Car body gun self-no stopping (Source: Netease)
British security experts and politicians were terrified by the two reporters and called for the railway and aviation departments to strengthen security inspections. New Zealand Radio said: "This is a serious threat to social security, people can print 3D pistols at will, and even successfully pass security inspections. This is extremely terrible and should attract the attention of the community."
As a new technology, 3D printing has brought us convenience, and the debate on security risks surrounding 3D printers has not been broken. This time, the two British reporters' 3D pistols have been shaken and passed through security screenings. Is this not a public safety issue? The irony of the department?
Page 9: 3D printed guns like "Flood Beast"?
â— 3D printed weapons such as "flood beast"?
After watching the movie "The 12 Zodiacs", it is known that Jackie Chan, the international bandit in the film, touches the head of a beast with his hands with sensor gloves. After gathering relevant data, his accomplices immediately print out an identical head of the beast. It is the 3D printer that these beast models use.
The head of the movie "12 Zodiac" (screenshot)
Actually, this magical 3D printer has already entered our lives. Not only is it possible for people to print, a can, a ring, an anime doll, an IPhone mobile phone holder, a character in a 3D game, and a personalized vase, as long as it can be imagined. Something that is already present or something that is already on the display may be printed out by a 3D printer. It is even possible to print airplanes that can fly up to speeds of up to 140km, cars that can live in people's homes, and even artificial skeletons that are exactly the same as the original skeleton. So what exactly is 3D printing?
The 3D printing technology, under the guidance of computer-aided design data, uses a series of techniques such as electronic drawing, remote data transmission, laser scanning, and material melting, and superimposes specific metal powders or memory materials in layers according to the instructions of the electronic model diagram. Finally form a physical model. The traditional product production is mainly to do the "reduction" method, raw materials through cutting, grinding, corrosion, melting and other processes, remove excess parts to form parts, and then assembled, welded into products. In this process, 90% of raw materials will be wasted.
How 3D Printers Work (Source: elecfans.com)
Different from the traditional process, 3D printing technology does "add" method, in the production process, without the original embryo and mold, 3D printer can directly "print" the desired product by adding layers of materials according to the computer graphics data. . Because it is drawing on demand, there is almost no waste in the entire production process.
Popular explanation, 3D printing, is a technology based on three-dimensional model, using powder as raw material to construct objects by layer-by-layer stacking, which is based on ordinary two-dimensional printing, plus one-dimensional, just like ordinary printers. The 3D printing machine first prints out a layer of powdery material such as plastics and metals on a flat surface, and then "sticks" the adherent printing layer by layer. Through the accumulation of each layer of different "graphics", a three-dimensional object is finally formed. Like building a house, bricks are layer by layer, but when they accumulate, they become a three-dimensional house.
The 3D printing "Liberator" is very similar to the "deer gun" developed by the CIA during the Vietnam War.
Returning to the theme and watching the above-mentioned shootings harm to society, how would we feel? Will 3D printing weapons bring huge hidden danger to society? Fortunately, we were born in China, so there is no need to worry so much, but for the United States, a country where guns are free, once everyone has obtained the principles for the production of 3D printed guns, imagine what a terrible thing this is!
3D print gun production principle diagram (Figure source: zhihu.com)
Firearm Structure (Source: Antarctic Bear)
By using 3D printing, you can copy deadly weapons. This makes many people worry, especially as Americans. This is not a question of freedom. It is related to public and personal security. There are also concerns that such printed plastic guns will escape inspections of metal monitors, putting national security at greater risk.
U.S. security inspection
What does it mean to open firearm design drawings? Some politicians and anti-gungun groups are concerned that this will encourage crime and violence. "It is simply a hotbed of bloody events." Moreover, after analyzing, they believe that the danger of these 3D printed guns not only comes from their own lethality, but also because they are extremely capable of “hiding†metal detectors at various security checkpoints in the city. The environment.
(Source: zhihu.com)
The CIA's "deer gun" is to manually load bullets into the magazine and detonate the trigger to fire it.
If you want to fire the second time, you have to reopen the gun and reload it.
The use of 3D technology to print plastic guns is frightening and worrying. Imagine 40% of Americans are trying to evade background checks when they buy guns, and those who print plastic guns at home do not conduct background checks on them. Maybe, in addition, these guns may fall into the hands of criminals, people with serious mental illnesses, people with serious domestic violence, and even children who do not have guns.
Foreign Media's Description of 3D Printing Liberator Pistols
The numerous shooting incidents in the United States proved that the government's gun control is somewhat incompetent. The U.S. masses are clamouring about gun management. A New York citizen said that he was afraid that he could run into gunfire wherever he went. "Even if you stand there, someone crossing the street may have a 3D print gun. He might shoot it to see if the gun really works. It's really horrible."
Page 10: 3D printing guns are not as horrible as they were imagined
â— 3D print guns are not as frightening as they were supposed to be
If one day, anyone can use the 3D printing technology to create guns at home, as long as there is a networked computer, low cost plastics and a suitable 3D printer, do you think that the development of technology makes you less and less secure sense?
Comparison of 3D printed plastic pistols and 3D printed metal pistols (Source: åŽå•†ç½‘)
In fact, the 3D printing gun is not so scary, but many reports have magnified the threat. Under current conditions, guns made in the traditional way are more advantageous than 3D printing. For example, the Japanese employee who was arrested for making a 3D print gun is actually only one of the individual cases. Nothing similar has happened so far. Large-scale proliferation of equipment.
The news that the two British reporters mentioned that they carried 3D print guns to pass security screening were only cases. Only at that time, security personnel had no concept of 3D print guns. After this incident appeared, some countries had stepped up their efforts. Alert and classify such items as contraband.
The strictest airport security in the United States (Source: go.huanqiu.com)
If you want to detect a 3D print gun, it is not that difficult, because even if it is a 3D printed gun, you need to use metal objects. The firing pin and security device in the gun body can be easily detected. Moreover, the warhead and cartridge cannot always be Plastic it. So, as long as this is clear, security personnel won't let 3D-printed guns fall into the net!
In 2014, while the Japanese police arrested Imura, Japan's largest printing company, Dai Nippon Printing, released a “safety program†for checking 3D data. When the program determines that the shape data is similar to the pistol data, it stops printing. (See below). This program must have a technique that can automatically determine if the shape of the 3D data description has a problem. In other words, it is necessary to determine whether “similar to a pistol part†and “is similar to a cartoon image of a mouse that a company owns a copyright†and so on, so it is necessary to compare the 3D data and find out whether the shape is “similarâ€.
Japan's Dai Nippon Printing has released a "safety program for checking 3D data" (Source: Tiangong Society)
Even if you accidentally let a 3D-printed plastic gun pass security, its power is doubtful. Is the strength of the barrel hard enough? Once the quality of the print is off, will there be a danger of frying? This does not say, but in terms of the range of firearms, 3D-printed guns certainly cannot be compared with metal guns.
The 3D printing of the AR-10 rifle is slightly rough, and it is very different from ordinary guns.
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