Editor's note: Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the popularization of modern early childhood education and the continuous changes in the concept of early childhood education by the state, society, educational institutions, and parents, in the construction of kindergartens, whether it is architectural design, children's furniture, preschool facilities or the environment The creation and cultivation of sensory education for young children have gradually become the main considerations for designers. Below, let's discuss together:
1. Early Childhood Growth Research and Kindergarten Design
Modern child growth research theory tells us that the sequence of human learning ability development always starts from the stage of sensory action and develops toward the stage of perceptual action. Finally, the wisdom of conceptual symbols. The senses are the contact point between human beings and the environment, but the development of perceptual ability is mainly concentrated in the stage of young children. In the cognitive process of young children, perceptual perception occupies an important position. Sensory education includes visual education, tactile education, auditory education, taste education and olfactory education, etc., which has the following significance for the growth of young children: to form accurate concepts for young children, and to establish the basis for intelligent development: to promote the development of children's individual psychology: to get emotional experience Improve children's personality.
The activities of young children in a specific building can form a series of mechanisms that are compatible with the building. They can find their way in a complex space and deal with the changes that adults think are too complicated for their young minds. This stems from the great development of young children in perception. So that they can already understand the external environment and form a concept and attitude towards architecture. Therefore, as an artificial environment, the kindergarten building can produce a benign stimulating impression on children's senses, which has a positive significance for the development of children's perception.
The company provides overall design solutions for kindergartens
2. Design goals of sensory education for young children
The design of the kindergarten aims to create a good educational environment that provides knowledge and personality, so that young children will be exposed to it for a long time. Traditional design mainly focuses on the basic requirements of kindergarten standards, color, safety, hygiene and comfort. However, the study of children as a special group is insufficient, and the overall growth needs of children are ignored. Therefore, we try to build the kindergarten building on the theoretical basis of sensory education in the exploration of design practice, take the place of sensory use and contact for children as the starting point of design, cultivate children's sound psychological and physical qualities, and truly reflect the people-oriented education concept . Emphasizing that architecture is a perceptible object, a stage for children to perceive themselves, perceive space, and perceive others. Toddlers can perceive people and the building itself from different spatial angles and produce different interests. In this sense, in addition to the practical purpose of architecture, they are given a fresh life by the architect with passion, which is exactly what the children need.
1. Places where young children perceive nature
No matter how exquisite and meticulously furnished the building is, the external environment and the natural world are still the children's favorite and most impressive. The outdoor environment can satisfy the children's longing for nature, let the children get in touch with nature to the maximum, experience the natural Ukrainian floral scent, be in various poses, delight the body and mind, and cultivate love for nature through sensory contact.
Children love to explore their surroundings autonomously, so that the feelings and knowledge they acquire will be more abundant and profound. The teacher acts as an observer, guide, and encourager to guide the interaction between the child and the surrounding environment, leaving the child with time and space to explore and question, try to let the child discover, explore, and actively accumulate experience. , This is conducive to the cultivation of children's independent personality and creativity.
2. Develop the confidence and ability of young children to cope with challenges
Toddlers are not passive "protected persons". Kindergarten design cannot simply attribute safety to absolute zero risk, ignore the children's comprehensive perception of needs, and deprive children of competition and frustration. In the design of the kindergarten, through the artificial setting of discovery and adventure game facilities, the kindergarten organizes purposeful obstacle activities competitions, cultivates the children's ability to resist frustration, and allows the children to experience all kinds of difficulties and the fun and confidence brought by the difficulties.
The indoor environment design of the kindergarten cannot blindly pursue comfort, but also pay attention to nurturing the adaptability of young children. For example, in the indoor of the activity unit, the temperature replaces the pure thermal comfort temperature with the temperature that is beneficial to health, and appropriately reflects the temperature difference between seasons and morning and evening, except It has the meaning of energy saving, and more importantly, it can enhance the child's own immunity and environmental adaptability.
3. Design strategy
The construction area of ​​the kindergarten is not large, but the area is large and large. Everywhere, the creativity and skill of the designer need to be exerted to show the quality in subtleties. Compatible with sensory education, pay attention to leaving space for children in the design. Through the establishment of corridor cultural space, the integration of amusement facilities and classroom space, the use of glass instead of solid walls to extend the space and children's sights and other design methods to achieve, Even the cumbersome details of the design of the handrails, the shape and height of the door handles, and the protective treatment of the corners are not spared.
1. Overall layout with ecological characteristics and activity interest
Modern kindergarten originated from Germany, kindergarten. The term "Kindergarten" originally meant children's garden. The overall layout of the kindergarten pursues ecological characteristics and natural taste, which can enable children to enjoy the freedom and comfort of returning to nature, and perceive the concept of distance, height, softness and hardness. Activities such as fish, rabbits, birds and other small animals, small plantations for observing the growth of plants, large grasslands for children to run and chase freely, shaded rest tree stands, etc., are all conducive to achieving this goal. Lawns must have It is very resistant to trampling. The large and delicate artificial lawns and other landscapes that are common in traditional kindergartens can be seen and moved. They more cater to the aesthetic needs of adults and lack natural appeal. Instead, they deprive children of their activity space.
The natural green land composed of wildflowers and grasses, which is non-toxic, non-thorny and strong in vitality, can be used for children to trample on and play at will.
Reasonably set up outdoor sports game areas to guide children's orderly activities. Games are the center of children's activities. Due to the development of large muscle groups, children are encouraged to carry out physical activities tirelessly. By arranging drilling and climbing areas, balancing areas, ball areas, and game areas to meet their game needs, by arranging drilling circles, caves, crawls, and cushions in the drilling and climbing areas, young children can practice different drilling and climbing movements. In the balance area, equipment such as single-wood bridges, seesaws, and plum blossom piles can be arranged so that young children can practice balance exercises. Because the slide can exercise children's senses, muscles and courage, it is stimulating and fun to play with children, and it has become an essential equipment for kindergartens. According to the site conditions, set up appropriate experience and situational game areas, such as the game of "Happy Goat vs. Big Big Wolf" combined with throwing and drilling activities, and get the character experience in the event, clearly distinguishing between right and wrong. At the same time, these activity areas attract young children to participate in sports activities. Let young children have a strong desire to touch and go to activities. So that their exercise sensation, touch sensation, balance sensation, etc. are stimulated and strengthened. When setting up activity areas, the content of activities in each area should be reasonably matched, and the range of activities in the area should be obvious so that children can choose easily (Figure 3). Of course, the design of the site must also consider the safety of activities, including physical and psychological safety. Lay elastic cushions on the climbing site or use sand and grass to reduce the height of the equipment. The equipment should be firm and rounded. smooth. Keep a certain distance between instruments to avoid collision.
2. Interesting architectural image
Children have image thinking ability and rich imagination, and the kindergarten building itself is a vivid aesthetic textbook expressing childlike interest. Its unique color, body mass and scale all imply the child's "territory", which causes the child's sense of belonging. The architectural image of the kindergarten must of course be designed from the perspective of young children, with a rich architectural visual image. It can satisfy the children's unique curiosity and sense of belonging, enhance the recognizability of the kindergarten, and the vulgar and uninteresting shapes and excessively exaggerated colors will damage their cognition and appreciation ability. The shape should be small and compact. It has the interest of paradise, scrutinizing the stitches, colors and decorative details. In the eyes of children. Spires, arches, garden holes, and cabins often have a certain kind of fairytale charm. Full use of these children's symbols and patterns in architectural details makes children more willing to get close to and touch the building. In their view, architecture is good to "look", good to "play" and good to "model". The five-star kindergarten in Changzhou uses the method of stacking blocks to achieve a simple architectural form that is easy for children to identify with simple block combinations, high and low staggers, and interspersed deformations. Interesting irregular window openings break the rules of building blocks and bring children reverie. Red, orange and blue, as the bright colors of the building block units, not only enliven the environment, but also give each body a clear icon. Changzhou Xincheng Kindergarten uses towers, arcades, arc windows and large solid walls. The contours of the buildings are staggered, creating a castle-like magical effect and expressing the fairy tale mood.
3. Open space for flow and interaction
Toddlers enter kindergarten for the first time they enter the society, and learning to get along with others is a major issue they face. Interactive communication in space can provide children with appropriate sensory stimulation and help them become keen spatial observers. Freed from the concern for self, I began to experience the mutual relationship between young children, cultivate love and trust in others in the exchange, and learn to develop good habits in social life. Therefore, regardless of the venue or building, space separation should focus on openness, mobility, and versatility. Form a systematic communication space and realize the multiplicity of children's communication with rich spatial hierarchy and spatial autonomy. From the past, the activity room, which is a single activity space, has been developed into a multi-functional free choice space and communication space, while strengthening the penetration of indoor and outdoor spaces. Break the isolation between houses and provide a friendly place for children to communicate with children, children and the environment.
Corridor space expansion and disappearance
Expand and enlarge the corridor space. As a game, communication, and exhibition space, it becomes an extension of the classroom, breaking the boundary between traffic space and activity space. The corridor is no longer just a traffic element and a monotonous and boring negative space, but also an interesting and open activity space for children. Block corners, bio corners, natural corners, art corners, etc. are set in the corridor area to make each class entrance form a unique landmark area, which not only produces a fun space with a sense of belonging, but also can develop different children in different activity areas. Senses, providing different experiences, such as playing blocks to let children understand the concept of size, shape and weight, learn to control small muscles and develop hand-eye coordination: children ’s paintings and handmade works are displayed in the art corner, so that children can feel the joy and pride of success , What children are interested in becomes the subject here. The corridor area of ​​the Changzhou Weitang Kindergarten has been completely expanded for children to display the latest paintings and crafts, and combined with the atrium has also become a playground for children.
On the basis of the expansion of the corridor space, the free-form layout is adopted, and the activity units are organized around the multifunctional body. The mobile unit is no longer isolated, and the multifunctional hall replaces the corridor. The concept of "Gallery" disappeared. This comprehensive space has been transformed into a real "public classroom", the children are the masters of this space, and the teacher only plays the role of facilitator. This layout is conducive to children of different ages in the same activity area, to achieve mixed-age education, to help children learn how to get along, trust each other, be able to properly identify others, and promote their social transformation ability.
4. The activity unit focuses on space participation and openness
As the basic unit of the kindergarten building, the activity unit is a core microscopic system, where most of the activities of the children are carried out, which is the place where the children's emotions belong. The change penetration between the internal space of the activity unit, and between the internal and external space, can make the children touch and feel the interesting space environment and shape the imagination space. The diversity of activity content requires the variability and flexibility of the spatial arrangement of activity units. To adapt to frequent changes in teaching activities. The square, round, horseshoe and other non-fixed seating patterns in the activity room are easy to form a relaxed and friendly atmosphere of communication. Each activity area is separated by different activity furniture, which is convenient for children to choose the activity area clearly and freely: Knowledge activities, game activities, rest activities, etc., while keeping young children ’s attention from being distracted by activities in other areas. This kind of partition can be adjusted in stages according to the needs of young children. The variable room such as cupboards, cabinets, shelves, etc. can be used to keep the activity room from the bedroom and become a continuous large room. Mezzanine can also be provided in the activity unit to form a natural area. Separation becomes a stage for observing each other, increasing the sense of hierarchy and fun of the space. The bedroom bed can be retractable and collectible, which expands the activity space, enhances the practicality of the space, realizes the transformation of a single function space into multiple use possibilities, and improves the bedroom efficiency.
The space design for children to observe the outside world
First of all, it is reflected in the interaction between the park and the outside of the park. The transparent iron fence or wooden fence is used to realize the dialogue between the kindergarten and the community. Make the young JL; F feel isolated from the family settlement under the high wall. The hearts of the children were released, and the children's play and play also increased the joy of the community. A kindergarten building in Singapore (a residential building built by the government and sold to families) is located on the ground floor of a HDB house. The venue is naturally integrated with the residents ’leisure venue. There is no wall boundary, which helps young children overcome the psychological barriers to entering the park. Communicating with adults to meet the needs of children's comprehensive communication, this needs to be based on a high degree of self-confidence in urban public safety. It is still difficult to learn from the existing domestic conditions. The second is the permeability of the interior and exterior of the building. The visibility of the interior and exterior allows the interior and exterior spaces to flow to each other, eliminating the sense of enclosure. The window is more important than the lighting for seeing the landscape outside the window. <Code for design of nursery and kindergarten buildings> stipulates that the height of the window sill of the activity room should not be 0.6m away from the ground. Considering the activity site and greening in the park, the activity unit can be set with a low-sill large-area glass window facing the site in the park to expand the field of view and facilitate children to see the landscape outside the window. Especially when outdoor activities are not suitable, it is possible to observe the external natural phenomena. Hollowed holes can be designed in other wall parts, which are not only observation holes that children like, but also produce a view window effect.
5. Create environmental materials that interact with young children
Creating a good educational environment and providing novel, interesting, and operable learning materials are important conditions for promoting the development of young children. The design stage should fully consider the conditions of using indoor and outdoor spaces to provide various materials, clearly understand the type of training materials and layout purposes, so that children can use materials actively and actively to express their wishes and creations, and obtain various developments. For example, decorative materials can also become play perception materials, for children to tie rope curtains, graffiti-themed walls to attract them, or to combine children's love to play with water, break through the traditional paddling pool mode, and set up an indoor heated swimming pool to meet the needs of children. The interest in water play can also develop their swimming skills.
4. Conclusion
Early childhood is a key stage in the development of a person's social behavior, emotion, personality, cognition, etc. It is also the period of the fastest development and the strongest plasticity in a person's life. As a designer, you must fully understand the particularity of children's growth, combine design with the concept of children's education, and carefully design and pay attention to details to achieve satisfactory results. Through the design of the building monomer and its environment, it provides a stage for guiding children to fully display their nature and exert their subjective talents.
The company provides overall design solutions for kindergartens
Kindergarten furniture manufacturer The company's Health Equipment Co., Ltd. mainly produces outdoor children's slides, kindergarten toys, children's furniture, outdoor expansion equipment, fitness equipment, naughty castles, etc. It is a technology-based enterprise integrating design, production, sales and after-sales. . Website:. Consultation telephone. Our company is happy to serve you wholeheartedly! Factory address: No. 16, Chuangqiang Road, Light Industry Industrial Park, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City.
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