The oscilloscope's deflection system is primarily electrostatic, using two sets of perpendicular metal plates—known as horizontal and vertical deflection plates—to control the path of the electron beam. These plates are positioned so that they can influence the beam’s movement in either the horizontal or vertical direction. When no voltage is applied to the plates, the electron beam travels straight toward the center of the screen after passing through the second anode. However, when a voltage is applied, an electric field is created between the plates, which alters the beam’s trajectory.
If the two plates are parallel and have no potential difference, the electrons move along their original path—aligned with the axis of the tube—and strike the center of the phosphor screen. But if a constant voltage is applied across the plates, an electric field forms perpendicular to the electron’s motion. This causes the electrons to be deflected toward the plate with the higher voltage. As a result, the electrons follow a curved path, resembling a parabola, before hitting a specific point on the screen.
This point, known as point A, is displaced from the center by a distance called the deflection amount, denoted as y. The value of y is directly proportional to the voltage Vy applied to the deflection plates. Similarly, when a DC voltage is applied to the horizontal deflection plates, the spot moves horizontally across the screen, following the same principle. This mechanism allows the oscilloscope to display waveforms by controlling the electron beam’s position based on input signals. Understanding this process is essential for interpreting how signals are visualized on the screen, making the deflection system a key component of the oscilloscope’s functionality.
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