[Abstract] On the basis of expounding the development process of PDM, the main functions of PDM system are analyzed. Combining the latest achievements in information technology, the development trend of the new generation PDM system is discussed in detail.
Keywords: Product Data Management; Architecture; Information Modeling Product Data Management (PDM) is a software-based management of product-related information (including electronic documents, digital documents, database records, etc.) and all related to new products. Process (including approval/distribution process, engineering change process, general workflow, etc.) technology. It provides information management for the entire product life cycle (including market demand research, product development, product design, sales, and after-sales services), and can establish a parallel and original collaborative environment for product design and manufacturing within the enterprise.
At present, PDM technology has been applied in a very wide range of fields such as packaging machinery, electronics, automotive, aerospace, aerospace and packaging engineering. At present, the automotive industry has started implementing PDM technologies (Ford, General Motors, etc.) globally, PDM technologies for the aerospace industry (eg Boeing, McDougall, etc.) and non-manufacturing (such as transportation, commerce, etc.). Packaging, e-publishing, etc.) The application of PDM technology is also growing rapidly.
With the network technology, database technology has been widely used. PDM technology is currently a very hot and rapidly developing technology in the world. According to a company forecast in the United States, it will develop at an annual growth rate of 30% in the next five years. Therefore, PDM technology is gradually becoming an enabling technology for supporting system process reengineering (BPR), implementation of concurrent engineering (CE), CIMS engineering, and ISO9000 quality certification.
1 The development of PDM technology can be divided into the following three stages: the PDM system with CAD tools, the generation of professional PDM products, and the standardization stage of PDM.
1.1 PDM System with CAD Tools Early PDM products were born in the early 1980s. At the time, CAD had been widely used in enterprises. Engineers were also enjoying the benefits of CAD, but also had to waste a lot of time searching for design information, new storage and acquisition of electronic data. The demand for methods has become more and more urgent. In response to this demand, various CAD manufacturers have introduced the first generation of PDM products with their own CAD software. The goal of these products is mainly to solve the storage and management problems of large amounts of electronic data. The first generation of PDM products, the goal of these products is mainly to solve a large number of electronic data storage and management issues. The first-generation PDM products generally suffer from weaker system functions, lower integration capabilities, and lower openness.
1.2 Professional PDM Products Through the continuous expansion of the functions of the early PDM products, professional PDM products finally emerged, such as SDRC's metaPHASE and UGS's IMAN, which represent the second-generation magnetic products. At the same time, this generation of PDM products clearly defines the positioning of the PDM system in the enterprise information system. The PDM system should be the basic data platform for enterprise design and process departments. Applications of various CAX applications such as CAD, CAPP, and CAE are integrated through PDM, and PDM is used as the data management center and process management center for enterprise design and processes. The PDM system and other enterprise information systems such as MRPII systems and enterprise MIS systems are in a cooperative relationship. PDM is mainly used in departments to provide enterprises with various product engineering information. The MRPII system mainly manages various management information of enterprises. Connecting a PDM system, MRPII, and an enterprise MIS system through a certain interface, together with an automated manufacturing system (MAS), forms the basis of an enterprise computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS).
1.3 The standardization stage of PDM There has been a third generation of PDM products in the past two years. There are two events that can mark the arrival of a new era of PDM.
One was the June 1997 International OMG Organization's announcement of its draft PDMENABLER standard. As the first international standard in the field of PDM, this draft is drawn up by many leading manufacturers in the PDM field, such as IBM, SDRC, and PTC. Based on CORBA technology, PDM ENABLER proposes a standard for PDM system functions, PDM logic models, and interoperability between multiple PDM systems. The formulation of this standard laid the foundation for the development of a new generation of standardized PDM products.
The second incident was in 1997 when PTC Company released a new generation of PDM product, WINDCHILL, which is a product based entirely on the INTERNET platform, CORBA and JAVA technology.
2 Functional Analysis of PDM The research and application of PDM technology is very common in foreign countries. At present, there are no less than 100 kinds of PDM software that are commercialized worldwide. Although there are many differences among these PDM products, in general, most of them have the following main functions.
2.1 Electronic warehouse Electronic warehouse includes electronic database and document management. It provides the storage, retrieval and management of distributed heterogeneous data. It is the most basic and core function in PDM. In PDM, data access is completely transparent to users, users do not need to care about the specific location of electronic data storage, and whether they are the latest version, which are all completed by the PDM system. Electronic database security mechanisms allow administrators to define different roles and assign different data access rights and scopes to these roles. By assigning users corresponding roles, data can only be obtained or modified by authorized users. At the same time, the publication and change of the right electronic data must go through a pre-defined approval process before it can take effect, so that the user gets the correct information that has always been approved.
2.2 Lifecycle Management PDM's lifecycle management module is used to define and control the basic processes of data manipulation and to manage the dynamic definition of new product data, including macroscopic processes (new product lifecycles) and various microscopic processes (eg, Drawing approval process).
2.3 New Product Structure and Configuration Management The new product structure and configuration management is one of the core functions of PDM. It supports the bottom layer of electronic warehouses, and uses material reports as the core of its organization, and defines all engineering data and documents of the final new product. Link up, realize the organization, control and management of new product data, and provide users with different views and descriptions of new product structure under the constraints of certain goals or rules, so as to realize the management of product structure, configuration information and bill of materials. . Users can use the graphical interface provided by PDM to view and edit the product structure.
2.4 Viewing and Circumstance Supporting the computerized approval process, users can use this function to browse various vector, bitmap and OFFICE documents, which is a basic function of a good PDM system. This means that documents can not only be browsed and printed in the case of projects. This also reduces the purchase cost of the application software. Its important features include image browsing and red circle marking.
2.5 Parts classification management Classify and manage existing design information so as to re-use existing design results to the greatest extent and to develop new products and services. Its basic functions include: defining and maintaining the basic mechanism of the classification model (such as classification code, classification structure, and standard interfaces, etc.), default or user-defined attribute relationships, and establishing relationship between parts/document sending objects and classes/groups , standard part/document object retrieval of basic properties, similar parts/document object retrieval of basic properties.
2.6 Tools and Integrated Development Interfaces In order to enable information sharing between different application systems and the unified management of data generated by application systems, external application systems are required to be "packaged" and integrated into PDM systems and provide application systems. Database and information integration between application systems and application systems. This requires that the PDM system must have strong customization and secondary development capabilities. Most PDM products now provide secondary development toolkits. PDM implementers or users can use such toolkits to perform custom work tailored to the specific conditions of the company.
3 The Latest Technology and Development Trend of PDM 3.1 The Application of Distributed Computing The distributed technology of network-based distributed computing is also one of the technologies that have made great progress in recent years. Based on distributed computing technology, component-based system architecture will gradually replace the modular system architecture. In the standard of distributed computing technology, there have been two camps, one is the CORBA standard based on the OMG organization, and the other is a DCOM-based ACTIVEX standard represented by Microsoft. In recent years, OMG organizations have made tremendous efforts in the formulation and promotion of CORBA standards. At the same time, many CORBA standard products have gradually matured and developed. At the same time, because of Microsoft’s absolute dominant position in operating systems, ACTIVEX standard is in the WINDOWS series platform. It is more practical and the corresponding tools are more mature. At present, the competition for these two standards is still not over. Many commercial softwares support two standards at the same time.
3.2 Application of JAVA language JAVA has become a hot spot in the computer industry since its appearance on the first day. The reason why JAVA gets so much attention is that JAVA is not only a programming language but JAVA is a mobile computing platform. If the distributed computing racks solve the problem of interoperability between system components, JAVA solves the problem of moving components on the network.
3.3 Standardization of Information Models and STEP Standards STEP is an international standard for digital product data representation and exchange. The purpose of STEP is to provide a neutral mechanism that does not tie to a specific application system and is used to describe the data throughout the product's life cycle. As a whole, STEP is divided into three layers: application layer, logic layer, and physical layer. STEP uses the formalized data specification language EXPRESS to describe the product data. In recent years, with the increasingly mature support of the STEP standard and its application development tools, STEP is being supported by more and more application software, especially CAD/CAE/CAM software. PDM new products must have substantial breakthroughs in openness and system integration capabilities and must be based on standard support.
3.4 Application of XML Technology Based on WEB browsers such as IE and NETSCAPE is a user interface that is easily accepted by users. This technology allows multiple information to be displayed on the screen at the same time. For PDM, which requires higher data query functions and reporting functions, the use of WEB technology will make PDM technology and systems more popular along with INTENET and INTRANET. With the advent of XML technology called second generation WEB technology, it will be beneficial for WEB customers to operate between two or more heterogeneous databases. Therefore, the use of XML technology for the development of PDM systems facilitates the establishment of a new XML-based product data structure at the middle tier and the establishment of a unified, standard, structured, and extensible data interface for intranet/intranet information exchange within and between enterprises. And metadata management mechanisms to promote the development of Web-based PDM systems.
3.5 Application of Object-Oriented Technology Object-oriented technology has gained great development and application in recent years. It has improved the reusability and mining of program code and greatly improved the programming efficiency. Its application in PDM
Keywords: Product Data Management; Architecture; Information Modeling Product Data Management (PDM) is a software-based management of product-related information (including electronic documents, digital documents, database records, etc.) and all related to new products. Process (including approval/distribution process, engineering change process, general workflow, etc.) technology. It provides information management for the entire product life cycle (including market demand research, product development, product design, sales, and after-sales services), and can establish a parallel and original collaborative environment for product design and manufacturing within the enterprise.
At present, PDM technology has been applied in a very wide range of fields such as packaging machinery, electronics, automotive, aerospace, aerospace and packaging engineering. At present, the automotive industry has started implementing PDM technologies (Ford, General Motors, etc.) globally, PDM technologies for the aerospace industry (eg Boeing, McDougall, etc.) and non-manufacturing (such as transportation, commerce, etc.). Packaging, e-publishing, etc.) The application of PDM technology is also growing rapidly.
With the network technology, database technology has been widely used. PDM technology is currently a very hot and rapidly developing technology in the world. According to a company forecast in the United States, it will develop at an annual growth rate of 30% in the next five years. Therefore, PDM technology is gradually becoming an enabling technology for supporting system process reengineering (BPR), implementation of concurrent engineering (CE), CIMS engineering, and ISO9000 quality certification.
1 The development of PDM technology can be divided into the following three stages: the PDM system with CAD tools, the generation of professional PDM products, and the standardization stage of PDM.
1.1 PDM System with CAD Tools Early PDM products were born in the early 1980s. At the time, CAD had been widely used in enterprises. Engineers were also enjoying the benefits of CAD, but also had to waste a lot of time searching for design information, new storage and acquisition of electronic data. The demand for methods has become more and more urgent. In response to this demand, various CAD manufacturers have introduced the first generation of PDM products with their own CAD software. The goal of these products is mainly to solve the storage and management problems of large amounts of electronic data. The first generation of PDM products, the goal of these products is mainly to solve a large number of electronic data storage and management issues. The first-generation PDM products generally suffer from weaker system functions, lower integration capabilities, and lower openness.
1.2 Professional PDM Products Through the continuous expansion of the functions of the early PDM products, professional PDM products finally emerged, such as SDRC's metaPHASE and UGS's IMAN, which represent the second-generation magnetic products. At the same time, this generation of PDM products clearly defines the positioning of the PDM system in the enterprise information system. The PDM system should be the basic data platform for enterprise design and process departments. Applications of various CAX applications such as CAD, CAPP, and CAE are integrated through PDM, and PDM is used as the data management center and process management center for enterprise design and processes. The PDM system and other enterprise information systems such as MRPII systems and enterprise MIS systems are in a cooperative relationship. PDM is mainly used in departments to provide enterprises with various product engineering information. The MRPII system mainly manages various management information of enterprises. Connecting a PDM system, MRPII, and an enterprise MIS system through a certain interface, together with an automated manufacturing system (MAS), forms the basis of an enterprise computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS).
1.3 The standardization stage of PDM There has been a third generation of PDM products in the past two years. There are two events that can mark the arrival of a new era of PDM.
One was the June 1997 International OMG Organization's announcement of its draft PDMENABLER standard. As the first international standard in the field of PDM, this draft is drawn up by many leading manufacturers in the PDM field, such as IBM, SDRC, and PTC. Based on CORBA technology, PDM ENABLER proposes a standard for PDM system functions, PDM logic models, and interoperability between multiple PDM systems. The formulation of this standard laid the foundation for the development of a new generation of standardized PDM products.
The second incident was in 1997 when PTC Company released a new generation of PDM product, WINDCHILL, which is a product based entirely on the INTERNET platform, CORBA and JAVA technology.
2 Functional Analysis of PDM The research and application of PDM technology is very common in foreign countries. At present, there are no less than 100 kinds of PDM software that are commercialized worldwide. Although there are many differences among these PDM products, in general, most of them have the following main functions.
2.1 Electronic warehouse Electronic warehouse includes electronic database and document management. It provides the storage, retrieval and management of distributed heterogeneous data. It is the most basic and core function in PDM. In PDM, data access is completely transparent to users, users do not need to care about the specific location of electronic data storage, and whether they are the latest version, which are all completed by the PDM system. Electronic database security mechanisms allow administrators to define different roles and assign different data access rights and scopes to these roles. By assigning users corresponding roles, data can only be obtained or modified by authorized users. At the same time, the publication and change of the right electronic data must go through a pre-defined approval process before it can take effect, so that the user gets the correct information that has always been approved.
2.2 Lifecycle Management PDM's lifecycle management module is used to define and control the basic processes of data manipulation and to manage the dynamic definition of new product data, including macroscopic processes (new product lifecycles) and various microscopic processes (eg, Drawing approval process).
2.3 New Product Structure and Configuration Management The new product structure and configuration management is one of the core functions of PDM. It supports the bottom layer of electronic warehouses, and uses material reports as the core of its organization, and defines all engineering data and documents of the final new product. Link up, realize the organization, control and management of new product data, and provide users with different views and descriptions of new product structure under the constraints of certain goals or rules, so as to realize the management of product structure, configuration information and bill of materials. . Users can use the graphical interface provided by PDM to view and edit the product structure.
2.4 Viewing and Circumstance Supporting the computerized approval process, users can use this function to browse various vector, bitmap and OFFICE documents, which is a basic function of a good PDM system. This means that documents can not only be browsed and printed in the case of projects. This also reduces the purchase cost of the application software. Its important features include image browsing and red circle marking.
2.5 Parts classification management Classify and manage existing design information so as to re-use existing design results to the greatest extent and to develop new products and services. Its basic functions include: defining and maintaining the basic mechanism of the classification model (such as classification code, classification structure, and standard interfaces, etc.), default or user-defined attribute relationships, and establishing relationship between parts/document sending objects and classes/groups , standard part/document object retrieval of basic properties, similar parts/document object retrieval of basic properties.
2.6 Tools and Integrated Development Interfaces In order to enable information sharing between different application systems and the unified management of data generated by application systems, external application systems are required to be "packaged" and integrated into PDM systems and provide application systems. Database and information integration between application systems and application systems. This requires that the PDM system must have strong customization and secondary development capabilities. Most PDM products now provide secondary development toolkits. PDM implementers or users can use such toolkits to perform custom work tailored to the specific conditions of the company.
3 The Latest Technology and Development Trend of PDM 3.1 The Application of Distributed Computing The distributed technology of network-based distributed computing is also one of the technologies that have made great progress in recent years. Based on distributed computing technology, component-based system architecture will gradually replace the modular system architecture. In the standard of distributed computing technology, there have been two camps, one is the CORBA standard based on the OMG organization, and the other is a DCOM-based ACTIVEX standard represented by Microsoft. In recent years, OMG organizations have made tremendous efforts in the formulation and promotion of CORBA standards. At the same time, many CORBA standard products have gradually matured and developed. At the same time, because of Microsoft’s absolute dominant position in operating systems, ACTIVEX standard is in the WINDOWS series platform. It is more practical and the corresponding tools are more mature. At present, the competition for these two standards is still not over. Many commercial softwares support two standards at the same time.
3.2 Application of JAVA language JAVA has become a hot spot in the computer industry since its appearance on the first day. The reason why JAVA gets so much attention is that JAVA is not only a programming language but JAVA is a mobile computing platform. If the distributed computing racks solve the problem of interoperability between system components, JAVA solves the problem of moving components on the network.
3.3 Standardization of Information Models and STEP Standards STEP is an international standard for digital product data representation and exchange. The purpose of STEP is to provide a neutral mechanism that does not tie to a specific application system and is used to describe the data throughout the product's life cycle. As a whole, STEP is divided into three layers: application layer, logic layer, and physical layer. STEP uses the formalized data specification language EXPRESS to describe the product data. In recent years, with the increasingly mature support of the STEP standard and its application development tools, STEP is being supported by more and more application software, especially CAD/CAE/CAM software. PDM new products must have substantial breakthroughs in openness and system integration capabilities and must be based on standard support.
3.4 Application of XML Technology Based on WEB browsers such as IE and NETSCAPE is a user interface that is easily accepted by users. This technology allows multiple information to be displayed on the screen at the same time. For PDM, which requires higher data query functions and reporting functions, the use of WEB technology will make PDM technology and systems more popular along with INTENET and INTRANET. With the advent of XML technology called second generation WEB technology, it will be beneficial for WEB customers to operate between two or more heterogeneous databases. Therefore, the use of XML technology for the development of PDM systems facilitates the establishment of a new XML-based product data structure at the middle tier and the establishment of a unified, standard, structured, and extensible data interface for intranet/intranet information exchange within and between enterprises. And metadata management mechanisms to promote the development of Web-based PDM systems.
3.5 Application of Object-Oriented Technology Object-oriented technology has gained great development and application in recent years. It has improved the reusability and mining of program code and greatly improved the programming efficiency. Its application in PDM
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