Natural turf drainage is essential for maintaining a functional and safe football field, especially in areas that experience frequent rainfall. To ensure the field remains playable during and after rain, it’s crucial to have a well-designed drainage system, combined with careful construction practices and high-quality materials. This ensures that water can be efficiently removed, allowing the game to continue without interruption.
The site drainage system consists of three main components: surface slope drainage, soil bed drainage, and forced drainage. Each plays a vital role in managing water flow and preventing waterlogging.
Surface slope drainage is the primary method used to direct water away from the playing surface. The site is designed with a slight slope to allow water to flow naturally toward designated drainage points. During construction, each layer of the grass bed must be carefully laid and compacted, ensuring that the slope meets the design specifications. A 5m x 5m grid is typically used for measuring thickness and slope across all layers. Rolling should be done carefully to avoid distortion, as shown in Figure 2.2.23.2.
Soil bed drainage involves water passing through the various layers of the grass bed and into the underlying soil. Each layer is constructed separately, either with or without the use of dressing material. It's important to keep the materials clean, particularly the gravel layer, which should not contain more than 5% mud. Additionally, a blind ditch system is often installed to enhance drainage. The construction of these ditches requires precision—too wide or too deep, and the system may fail. Once dug, the trench is trimmed according to the longitudinal slope. The drain pipe is then placed straight, and gravel is added around it in layers to protect the pipe. After backfilling, a steel grate is inserted into the gravel layer and gently shaken to settle the material properly.
Forced drainage is a more advanced method, commonly used in regions with heavy rainfall. Unlike gravity-based drainage, this system uses underground pipes connected to a pump station. Water that seeps into the gravel layer is drawn up through filter pipes and pumped out to the sewer system. This method is particularly effective for professional football fields where uninterrupted play is critical. The installation involves embedding a filter pipe between two blind ditches, connecting it via threaded joints to a main pipe. The filter pipe is laid at a 1% gradient during excavation and backfilled with gravel, not soil. As seen in Figures 2.2.23.3 and 2.2.23.4, this system allows for rapid drainage and enables play even during rainy conditions. However, it comes with higher costs, and it’s not a standalone solution. For optimal performance, it should be used in conjunction with the other two drainage methods to ensure complete and efficient water removal.
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