In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, modern warfare demands advanced combat systems that go beyond traditional single-function weapons. As a result, there is an increasing need for next-generation weapons that offer greater lethality, precision, and speed. The ability to quickly and accurately transmit information from the fire control system to the naval gun's fuse has become a critical challenge. Based on an analysis of existing domestic and international technologies, this paper proposes a novel RFID-based wireless setting system. This system enables the transmission of set information through the coordination of a reader, transponder chip, and transmitting/receiving antennas controlled by a setter and microcontroller.
1. Wireless Setting System Model
A wireless setting system functions as a communication channel, which can be modeled as a typical digital communication system. As shown in Figure 1, the model consists of three main components: the information source, the digital channel, and the receiver. In this context, the information source includes both the signal generator and the source code, which encodes the data. The digital channel encompasses processes such as channel coding, digital modulation, inductive coupling, demodulation, and decoding. The receiver is the target of the entire setup process. Essentially, the goal of the system is to ensure that the information from the source reaches the receiver without distortion.
2. Setting Technology Analysis
Through the analysis of various fixed systems, it becomes clear that two key technologies must be addressed when designing a wireless setting system.
(1) Wireless Communication Technology: To ensure reliable communication between the setter and the microcontroller (MCU), the system must follow a specific protocol. This involves selecting the appropriate data encoding mode, digital modulation/demodulation method, and implementing data verification. For the setting system, NRZ coding is used for baseband transmission due to its high speed, accuracy, and strong anti-interference capabilities. This ensures sufficient energy is provided to the missile equipment. Additionally, 2FSK modulation and non-coherent demodulation are chosen for data transmission. To enhance reliability, a CRC check with error control features is integrated into the RFID system. The received data is verified and returned to the setter via RF, and the result is displayed on the host computer software—either “CRC OK!†or “CRC Failed!â€
(2) Wireless Power Supply Technology: According to RFID principles, the power between the setter and the receiving module is divided into two parts: one for communication and another for powering the device. While the reader provides energy for communication, the receiving module requires a dedicated power supply. This paper introduces a specialized wireless power supply module to address this need. Since the setting occurs during the ammunition filling stage, the projectile fuze is passive, requiring wireless power to complete the setup. This challenge will be further discussed in later sections.
3. Overall Structural Design of the System
The wireless setting system comprises a wireless communication module and a wireless power supply module. The communication module uses RFID technology for data transmission via electromagnetic induction, while the power supply module employs Zigbee for energy delivery using electromagnetic waves. TI’s MSP430F249 and MSP430F2274 microcontrollers are used as the core controllers for the setter and the receiving device, respectively. These controllers manage the system’s functional modules and enable full-duplex communication via the RS422 bus.
After system initialization, the MCU waits for commands from the keyboard or the fire control system. Upon receiving a command, an LRC check is performed. If the data is correct, the system determines the operation, sends the data to the reader, and processes the response. The data is then displayed on the LCD screen, as illustrated in Figure 2.
4. Wireless Power Supply Module Design
To stabilize communication and reduce transmission time, the system includes a wireless power supply module. As shown in Figure 3, this module uses electromagnetic wave energy for power delivery. The microcontroller controls the transmitter via the SPI interface, sending continuous electromagnetic waves that are converted into voltage by the receiving circuit. This voltage powers the entire receiving device.
5. System Simulation Analysis
The primary function of the wireless setting system is to transmit commands from the fire control system to the projectile microcontroller. To facilitate debugging, this paper developed a simulation software using VC, which simulates the fire control system’s commands. The software allows users to send commands through an interface, receive responses, and verify data integrity through CRC checks. The system successfully transmits data between the MCU and the transponder, confirming its reliability.
5.1 Serial Port Settings
Users can configure the serial port through the menu bar. The settings include selecting COM2, setting the baud rate to 9600 bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity.
5.2 Wireless Communication / Test Section
The wireless communication section allows users to test connectivity and data transfer. After connecting, if “CRC OK!†is displayed, the device is within range and ready for setup. Users can then send data and monitor the results.
5.3 System Simulation Interface
As shown in Figure 4, the system sends 17 bytes of data, including start, length, command, charging time, RF length, address, data, CRC, and stop bytes. The receiving end confirms the successful reception of 15 bytes, indicating proper functionality within the RF range.
Figure 5 displays the data received by another PC via the serial port assistant. During testing, the system transmitted 2526 times with a 0% bit error rate, proving its stability and reliability under certain conditions.
6. Conclusion
This paper presents a detailed design of an RFID-based wireless setting system, including the overall structure, power supply module, and simulation software. A prototype has been largely completed, and despite not yet undergoing final engineering tests, joint debugging with the client has confirmed the system’s full functionality, reliability, and stability. The system meets the required standards and is ready for further development.
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